Issues in Caribbean Development

CARIBBEAN STUDIES MODULE TWO: ISSUES IN CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT TOPIC: THE INTEGRATION MOVEMENT 1. The evolution of: Federation, CARIFTA, CARICOM, OECS, ACS 2. The achievements and challenges of any THREE of the following: * Caribbean Community (Caricom) * University of the West Indies (UWI) * Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) * West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) * Caribbean Tourism Organisation (CTO) * Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME) * Regional Security System (RSS) A// The West Indian Federation (1958 – 1962) One of the first major attempts at regional integration was the formation of the West Indian Federation of 1958.Member States included: * Antigua * Barbados * British Guiana * Dominica * Jamaica * Montserrat * St kitts/Nevis/Anguilla * St Vincent * St lucia * Trinidad and Tobago The Federal government was headed by an Executive Governor-General, appointed by Britain and included: * A Prime Minister, elected from among and by the members of the House of Represe ntatives * A Cabinet, comprising the Prime Minister and ten other elected Members chosen by him * A Council of State presided over by the Governor General. The Council included the Prime Minister and Members of the Cabinet as well as three senators and three civil servants.The senators and civil servants were chosen by the Governor General. (The Council of State was the principal policy (decision)-making body at the start of the Federation. In 1960 Britain agreed to abolish this Council and allow the Cabinet to take over the powers of the Council) * A forty five-member House of Representatives, with Members elected from among the Territories; and * A nineteen-member Senate, nominated by the Governor General following consultation with the Prime Minister The Governor General was Lord Hailes of Britain and the Prime Minister was Sir Grantley Adams, (Premier of Barbados).The Federal capital was located in Trinidad and Tobago. During its brief existence (1958-62), a number of fundamenta l issues were debated with a view to strengthening the Federation. Among these were direct taxation by the Federal Government, Central planning for development, Establishment of a Regional Customs Union and Reform of the Federal Constitution. The issue of direct taxation was particularly controversial. The Federation was not permitted to levy (impose) income tax for at least the first five years of its life.Added to this, were the greatly differing positions among the Territories with respect to how other federal taxes should be levied. In addition, the Federation began quickly to seek to establish federal institutions and supporting structures. It created a federal civil service; established the West Indies Shipping Service (in 1962) to operate two multipurpose ships – the Federal Maple and the Federal Palm – donated to it by the Government of Canada.It had embarked also on negotiations to acquire the subsidiary of the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), name ly British West Indies Airways (BWIA). Cooperation in tertiary education was consolidated and expanded during this period. The then University College of the West Indies (UCWI), which was established in 1948 with one campus at Mona, Jamaica, opened its second campus at St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, in 1960. The Federation however faced several problems.These included: the governance and administrative structures imposed by the British; disagreements among the territories over policies, particularly with respect to taxation and central planning; an unwillingness on the part of most Territorial Governments to give up power to the Federal Government; and the location of the Federal Capital. The decisive development, which led to the demise of the Federation was the withdrawal of Jamaica – the largest member – after conducting a national referendum in 1961 on its continued participation in the arrangement.The results of the referendum showed majority support in favour of withdrawing from the Federation. This was to lead to a movement within Jamaica for national independence from Britain. It also led to the now famous statement of Dr Eric Williams, the then Premier of Trinidad and Tobago that, one from ten leaves nought, referring to the withdrawal of Jamaica and signifying and justifying his decision to withdraw Trinidad and Tobago from the Federal arrangement a short while later. The Federation collapsed in January 1962.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To strengthen the movement for self government 2. To promote economic development 3. To safeguard the democratic system of government vis a vis dictatorship and communism ACHIEVEMENTS 1. Federation facilitated the movement from colonialism to independence through a united voice 2. The coming together of small states strengthened their effectiveness in dealing with international bodies such as the United Nations REASONS FOR FAILURE 1. The masses were not educated on the importance of Federation 2.Communica tion among the islands including shipping, telephone and postal services was inefficient 3. Envy and jealously among member states from their varying levels of economic prosperity 4. Distrust by the smaller states of the larger members (Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica) proposal to prematurely change the constitution of the Federation B//CARIFTA (1968 – 1973) The Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) was founded by Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago on 15 December 1965, with the signing of the Dickenson Bay Agreement (the Agreement establishing theCaribbean Free Trade Association). They were joined on 1 July, 1968 by Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines; and on 1 August, 1968 by Montserrat and Jamaica. In 1971 Belize (then British Honduras) joined the Association. These Caribbean countries had recently become independent, and CARIFTA was intended to unite their economies and to give them a joint presence on the international scene.Specifically, CARIFTA was intended to encourage balanced development of the Region by:   | †¢ increasing trade – buying and selling more goods among the Member States †¢ diversifying trade – expanding the variety of goods and services available for trade †¢ liberalising trade – removing tariffs and quotas on goods produced and traded within the area †¢ ensuring fair competition – setting up rules for all members to follow to protect the smaller enterprises| In addition to providing for free trade, the Agreement sought to:   | †¢ ensure that the benefits of free trade were equitably distributed †¢ promote industrial development in the LDCs promote the development of the coconut industry (through an Oils and Fats Agreement) which was significant in many of the LDCs †¢ rationalise agricultural production but in the interim, facilitate the marketing of selected agricultural products o f particular interest to the LDCs (through the Agricultural Marketing Protocol); and †¢ provide a longer period to phase out customs duty on certain products which were more important for the revenue of the LDCs| In 1972, Commonwealth Caribbean leaders at the Seventh Heads of Government Conference decided to transform the Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) into a Common Market and establish the Caribbean Community, of which the Common Market would be an integral part. The signing of the Treaty establishing the Caribbean Community, Chaguaramas, 4th July 1973, was a defining moment in the history of the Commonwealth Caribbean. Although a free-trade area had been established, CARIFTA did not provide for the free movement of labour and capital, or the coordination of agricultural, industrial and foreign policies.The objectives of the Community, identified in Article 6 of the Revised Treaty, are: to improve standards of living and work; the full employment of labour and othe r factors of production; accelerated, coordinated and sustained economic development and convergence; expansion of trade and economic relations with third States; enhanced levels of international competitiveness; organisation for increased production and productivity; achievement of a greater measure of economic leverage and effectiveness of Member States in dealing with third States, groups of States and entities of any description and the enhanced co-ordination of Member States’ foreign and foreign economic policies and enhanced functional co-operation. In 1973, CARIFTA became the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). C//CARICOM The agreement giving birth to the Caribbean Community and common Market (CARICOM) was signed on July 4, 1973 at Chaguaramas in Trinidad and Tobago. Effective operation of Caricom began on August 1, 1973. Main objectives include: 1.To improve the economic development of member states through the introduction of free trade. 2. Co operation among member count ries in the areas of: shipping, air transport, meteorological services, health, education, culture etc.. 3. To establish common policies in dealing with non-member states and transnational corporations D//OECS – Organization of Eastern Caribbean States The organization of Eastern Caribbean states (OECS) was established on June 18, 1981 with the signing of a treaty among the following countries: 1. Antigua and Barbuda 2. Dominica 3. Grenada 4. Montserrat 5. St Kitts/Nevis 6. St Lucia 7. St Vincent and the Grenadines Objectives: 1.To promote development by the formation of a common market among member states 2. To deal more effectively with international bodies by forming a common foreign policy 3. To assist each other in defending and maintaining political independence OECS member states have a common Eastern Caribbean Currency, they all belong to the Lesser Antilles, they are all small, independent states, share common strategies for development, a common Central Bank, a comm on High Court and a Joint Stock exchange. ACS: Association of Caribbean States The association of Caribbean States is an orgsanisation which at present consists of 25 Member states, 3 Associate members and 14 countries with observer status. Objectives:The ACS was inaugurated on July 02, 1995 with its administrative office in POS, Trinidad. The main objectives of the Association relate to cooperation, discussion and action leading to the sustainable development of the entire Caribbean region. These include: 1. Incorporating the collective human and physical resources of the Caribbean for economic, social, cultural and technological advancement 2. Maximizing the potential of the Caribbean Sea by working with member states and other organizations 3. To encourage increased trade and investment opportunities through cooperation 4. To provide new and improved measures to promote the cultural identities of its members.

Common Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

Conjugating the French Verb Réfléchir

Rà ©flà ©cher  is the verb that means to reflect or to think in French. Its a rather easy one to remember because it resembles the English word reflect. French students will also be happy to know that this is a pretty easy verb conjugation. After this lesson, youll know the most basic ways to use  rà ©flà ©chir  in the present, past, and future tenses. The Basic Conjugations of  Rà ©flà ©chir Verb conjugations allow us to give French verbs like rà ©flà ©chir meanings such as I reflected in the past tense or she is reflecting in the present tense. While French does make you memorize more forms of each verb than English does, you can use what youve already learned with other verbs to study this one. Rà ©flà ©chir  is a  regular -ir verb, so it uses a very common conjugation pattern that tells us which ending to use. First, however, you must recognize the verb stem:  rà ©flà ©ch-. Using that and the chart below, find the correct ending by looking for the subject pronoun and the tense that matches your subject. For example, I am reflecting is  je rà ©flà ©chis  and we will reflect is  nous rà ©flà ©chirons. Present Future Imperfect je rà ©flà ©chis rà ©flà ©chirai rà ©flà ©chissais tu rà ©flà ©chis rà ©flà ©chiras rà ©flà ©chissais il rà ©flà ©chit rà ©flà ©chira rà ©flà ©chissait nous rà ©flà ©chissons rà ©flà ©chirons rà ©flà ©chissions vous rà ©flà ©chissez rà ©flà ©chirez rà ©flà ©chissiez ils rà ©flà ©chissent rà ©flà ©chiront rà ©flà ©chissaient The Present Participle of  Rà ©flà ©chir The present participle of rà ©flà ©chir is formed by adding -ssant to the verb stem. This results in the word rà ©flà ©chissant. Rà ©flà ©chir  in the Compound Past Tense For the past tense, you can use the imperfect, though the passà © composà © is a good option as well. Its a compound that requires you to conjugate the auxiliary verb avoir to the present tense, then attach the past participle rà ©flà ©chi. For example, I thought is jai rà ©flà ©chi and we thought is nous avons rà ©flà ©chi. More Simple Conjugations of  Rà ©flà ©chir While the conjugations above should be your first priority because theyre used most often, there are a few more you may need to know. For instance, the subjunctive is used when you have a question about the act of thinking. Likewise,  the conditional says that someone will think only if something else also happens. Though theyre not used as often, it is a good idea to also know the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rà ©flà ©chisse rà ©flà ©chirais rà ©flà ©chis rà ©flà ©chisse tu rà ©flà ©chisses rà ©flà ©chirais rà ©flà ©chis rà ©flà ©chisses il rà ©flà ©chisse rà ©flà ©chirait rà ©flà ©chit rà ©flà ©chà ®t nous rà ©flà ©chissions rà ©flà ©chirions rà ©flà ©chà ®mes rà ©flà ©chissions vous rà ©flà ©chissiez rà ©flà ©chiriez rà ©flà ©chà ®tes rà ©flà ©chissiez ils rà ©flà ©chissent rà ©flà ©chiraient rà ©flà ©chirent rà ©flà ©chissent If you need to use  rà ©flà ©chir  in short commands or requests,  the imperative form  is useful. This is the one instance when its perfectly acceptable to skip the subject pronoun. You can shorten  nous rà ©flà ©chissons  to  rà ©flà ©chissons. Imperative (tu) rà ©flà ©chis (nous) rà ©flà ©chissons (vous) rà ©flà ©chissez

Favor Of Abolishing Juvenile Court - 1061 Words

Proponents of abolishing juvenile court claim that all crimes should be treated the same and children are no exception. They also claim that because a punishment is supposed to fit the crime teenagers who have committed high-level crimes deserve to be tried as adults. Another popular claim is that the adult court system lowers juvenile recidivism. What these individuals fail to see is the psychological trauma that adult courts have on adolescents. Instead of being tried as adults, children should be tried in juvenile because children’s brains are not fully developed, there are flexible sentences, and juvenile courts allow for more rehabilitation. First, children do not have the necessary brain development to comprehend the court†¦show more content†¦Proponents of the abolition of juvenile court fail to realize that even teenagers do not have the emotional development to fully understand what is happening. According to Robin Nixon, adolescents have an entirely new set of intense emotions which makes rational decision harder. She reported, â€Å" Part of the limbic system, the amygdala is thought to connect sensory information to emotional responses. Its development, along with hormonal changes, may give rise to newly intense experiences of rage, fear, aggression (including toward oneself), excitement and sexual attraction† (Nixon). These intense emotions cause adolescents to act irrationally. To say that teenagers have the emotional stability and maturity to be tried as an adult is preposterous. There are many problems that arise when a child is tried in adult court. These issues surface as emotional breakdowns, a lack of remorse, and even aggression. The harsh environment of an adult court does not mix with a child’s emotional needs. Emotional breakdowns stem from nervousness and guilt while a lack of remorse stems from younger children failing to understand what they did and aggression is an automatic response to what is happening around these children. Instead of treating them as adults, the justice system needs to keep the juvenile justice court in order to give these children a fair trial and rehabilitation. Second, children should be tried in juvenile court because of the flexible

Ben and Jerry Free Essays

Ben and Jerry’s ice-cream company is well known for its sales in the USA, Europe, and Asia. They are a very well established, successful, global operation. Since 2000, the company has continually improved their ice-cream brands. We will write a custom essay sample on Ben and Jerry or any similar topic only for you Order Now They sell its named ice-cream and frozen yogurt under brand names such as Chunky Monkey and Cherry Garcia. Chunky Monkey is banana ice-cream with fudge chunks and walnuts. In 2009, Chunky Monkey was named among the top ten best ice-cream flavors in London. Philanthropy is also a strength of Ben and Jerry’s ice-cream. The Company contributed $1,206,412 to the Ben Jerry’s Foundation in 2002, as compared to $1,178,423 in 2001. Ben and Jerry’s divide the philanthropic pool of funds between the Foundation, Corporate Philanthropy, and employee Community Action Teams (CATs). The company sponsors many PartnerShops. Partnershops are Ben and Jerry’s scoop shop outlets which are independently owned and operated by nonprofit organizations. The organizations they partner with, work with youth that encounter barriers to employment. They use the scoop shops as a place to carryout hands-on job training. Ben and Jerry’s waive the franchise fee and provide additional financial support to their partners. They have more than 750 Scoop Shops worldwide. The company is involved in global warming campaigns. Ben and Jerry’s commitment is to reduce the company’s carbon dioxide emissions by 10 percent. On many levels, their employees are directly involved to help make this commitment happen. After twenty-five years of independent operation, Ben and Jerry’s were bought out by Unilever, the Anglo-Dutch multinational consumer products firm for $325 million. Under the deal, Unilever gave Ben and Jerry’s shareholders $43. 60 per share. Through it all, Ben and Jerry’s were able to retain their social responsibility stand. They were able to keep the co-founders involved with product development. Ben and Jerry’s brands complemented Unilever’s ice-cream brands. In the past, Ben and Jerry’s have lacked professionalism from their upper management. In 2006, the company’s former CFO, Stuart Wiles, was found guilty of embezzling some $300,000 from the company during his tenure which ran from 2000 to 2004. He spent the money on car repairs, gifts, vacations, entertainment, clothing – and even a $58,000 addition to his home. He was sentenced to twenty-seven months in prison. Also, in 2006, they had to stop using Michael Foods as their egg supplier. An animal welfare campaign pressured Ben and Jerry’s to dump the egg producer accused of mistreating its chickens. An undercover video, showed dead and dying chickens stuck in their cages. Ben and Jerry’s bought about two million pounds of eggs per year from the supplier. Despite several corporate weaknesses, the company achieved success. In 1994, Ben and Jerry’s reinvested large amounts of money into property and equipment. By purchasing the property and equipment, they increased their long-term debts by almost 45 percent. They also increased their marketing and selling expenses. They thought it would be best to take out an immense amount of capital lease to automate production. They saw the need to do this so they could keep up with the intense competition. In today’s health conscious society, Ben and Jerry’s have introduced more fat-free and healthy alternative ice-cream and frozen yogurt products. These low-fat, no-fat products still contain the creamy richness and unbeatable quality, but only have three grams of fat per serving. Ben and Jerry’s also provide allergen free food items, such as gluten free and peanut free. In 2008, Ben and Jerry’s acquired Best Foods and Slim-fast. Slim-fast happens to be one of Unilever’s top-performers allowing them to enter a new industry of weight loss products. In turn, Unilever can now expand into more countries like Europe, where weight loss management is taking hold. In 2009, Ben and Jerry’s announced plans to introduce the country’s first HFC-free freezer. These freezers do not emit harmful chemicals into the atmosphere. Most freezers in the U. S. use hydro fluorocarbon gases to generate cooling. These HFC’s have a significant downside. HFCs are among a group of refrigerants, known as â€Å"F-gases†, highly potent greenhouse gases. The most commonly used HFC has a global warming potential (GWP) of 3,200. This means that a ton of this gas in the atmosphere has the same global warming effect as 3,200 tons of carbon dioxide. Over time, all those leaking freezers can make a significant contribution to the problems of global warming. How to cite Ben and Jerry, Papers

The Impact of Right to Carry Laws and the NRC Report

Question: Discuss about the The Impact of Right to Carry Laws and the NRC Report. Answer: Definitions The difficulty that arises during the measurement of the prices consists of the heterogeneity of the housing market, cost /price or the inflation and the affordability which are linked to the earnings and the income. Housing prices The index of the quality adjustment is that it attempts to measure the price of the housing prices that are adjusted to attempt the sense of the measuring the price that is fixed for the housing assets (Aneja, Donohue and Zhang, 2012). Different house prices yield different estimates of the growth in the housing prices that stay particularly for a short period. It is seen in the case of the housing prices that are helpful for the measurement of the fixed prices for the case of the property or the assets. It is also important to note that the prices are measured according to the four main indexes which help the seller to continue its long run even during the period of recession. It is important to note that the comprehensive national indexes are used in the case of the housing prices which help in the balance of the price regarding the housing assets. Heterogeneity of the housing market Heterogeneity of the housing market is commonly seen in the sellers that are helpful for trading the durable goods. Like in the other markets the state of the housing prices are mostly determined by the prices that are mostly demanded according to the agents behaviour (Besley, Meads and Surico, 2010). Sellers are heterogeneous in motivation which is having different strategies for the development of the hypothesis which gave evidence of different motivations which are helpful for the selling of the houses be4ing there are variations in the market of the housing. The fact that the behaviour of the different sources of the real estates differs from the property owners whose effect can be reflected on the real estate agents and the private individuals who are linked with it. Affordability Issues of the cost are also known as the affordability which is the heart of the current debates about the topic housing. There are several other different concepts which use different measures that have been moving differently (Carl, 2011). To avoid confusion, it is important to clear the distinctions of the outset. Housing prices are the upfront of the cost of coming to own the property which is often being met to aid the mortgage particularly lies for the first time buyers. It hence represents the price of the buying of the assets. The assets derive the economic value of the fact which provides the future flow of the housing services. Hence, the owner buying the asset tries to sell its asset to someone for some period i.e. a type of rental assets that can be given to someone. There are certain costs of the housing over the certain period which may vary according to the period. For the case of the renters, the cost may vary with the rent that is asked for but the owner receives the main mortgage as a case of the interest. Factors that affect the different categories of the housing market There are some factors which show there are actual costing of the houses which are paid by the each household (Di, 2007). The key housing costs are the mortgage of the interest rents and the payments and also include the water charges, building insurance plan premiums for the owner-occupiers and the ground rents and the service charges. The proportion of the population is given with the different population rates which are a part of the housing tenure that should be included to the rental ailments that are included below for the different tenure groups with details. Owned outright: In this part of the housing tenure, the types of the housing costs that are included are buildings Insurance premiums, water rates / the charges, ground rent and the service charges. The percentage of the population that are included in this part of the housing tenure is about 27%. Owned Mortgage: The owned mortgage includes the mortgage interest rates and the above charges. It also includes the percentage of the population which is 38% (Gariba et al., 2010). Private rental: The housing costs of this part include the rent, water rates and the other charges. The private rent percentage of the population is about 17% Social rental: The social rented of the housing tenure includes the housing costs which are water rent rates and the other charges that are included in it. The percentages of the population that are included in the housing tenure are about 16%. Segmented Market The segmented markets are hence can be divided into the two markets which are mass marketing and the target marketing (Gramlich, 2007). This housing of process can be determined by the method of the target marketing which is defined as the course of the recognition of the diversity of the customers which does not try to appeal for the same offering. The target market segmentation process is applied to the description of the same group people which can be helped in the process of identification of the groups such as customers, prioritising the group to the address, understanding their interest and the response towards the appropriate decision marketing strategies that helps in the satisfaction of the segments that are chosen for the different preferences. The target markets can be classified into four types which are as follows with details:- Demographic: the demographic variables are around the marketers that are included in the target market which includes the income, family size, family life cycle, religion, race, gender, nationality, generation and the occupation. This demographic characteristic protects the classes under the act of the discrimination of the houses (Holmes and Jones, 2013). It also helps in the proper implementation of the housing laws that can be protected with the proper implementation of this strategy. Geographic: - geographic characteristics includes the members that are targeted to the geographic market which is neighbourhood, urban, sub urban, rural areas, city or country, school districts, community and the employer. These geographical positions help in the proper distinction of the housing rates which are affected to the seller as well as the buyer (Housing Boom and Bust, 2010). Referral: Referral targets are the groups of people that interact with the potential customers which are a part of the buyer profile. The examples of the referral are mortgage loan officers, real estate agents, home buyer educators and the neighbours near your homes. It can be seen that the referral markets are aware of the business that is probably related to the housing companies and the survey of the sellers and the buyers reports helps in the extraction of the view that are most probably useful for the housing agents or the brokers. Psychographic: Members of the psychographic markets are divided according to their groups which help in the specification of their lifestyles that they are leading and the kind of the lifestyle they are leading increases the things which are common such as the interests, activities, opinions, values, etc. (Housing bulletin monthly report, 2009). The example of the psychographic market is pet owners, empty nesters, musicians and the artists seeking an urban style life style, employees of the social service agencies and the friends and the families of the current homeowners in your neighbourhood. Along with the above points, the target markets which can be extracted into different types are as follows:- Renters in the neighbourhood in which the home is located Consumers of the city depend on the type of the usage of the media services. Congregants of the neighbourhood which denotes the churches, mosques and other faith institution. Families and the staffs of the neighbourhood school near your properties Employees of the neighbourhood employers who belong to the corresponding income profile Friends and the families of the existing neighbourhood (Housing bulletin monthly report, 2010). Participants in the home buyers education class throughout the city or the region. Renters with pets Employees of the social service agencies Referrals of the real estate agents who specialises in the comparison between the neighbours and the price ranges. Evaluations of the social and the intergenerational effects of different government policies on housing Policy evaluation is preferably applied to the overall assessment principles and the key techniques help to examine the overall content and thus help to provide a clear and implementation or impact of a key policy (Housing bulletin monthly report, 2011). Determination and identification of the key activity through which it helps provide a clear and precise idea about the overall understanding of the worth fullness, merit and key utility of the policy. It is very much significant to understand the how policy evaluation which hep to fits into larger policy method (2016). Government policies related to the housing in Britain are considered to unequal as the wealth varies from one house to other, especially in term of age, social class and region. Housing wealth inequality is deemed to be partly a product of income inequality and minute amount product of the past and current specific government policy interventions. Considered the part of the redistributive effect of the housing wealth a cross the generations and the key across social, economic team helps to determine and identify the policy impact of the two out key four government policies related to housing (2016). The key four policies relate to the housing are, Right to buy:~ the statutory right to buy a policy is primarily related to the Council of the house tenants which lead to the buying or purchase of their rented accommodation at a rate which is heavily subsidised prices (2016). The policy right to buy is introduced in the year 1980 which provide the right to buy option for the tenant. The policy was considered to be subsequently enlarged to different form related to the social housing in late 1990. It is deemed as one of the most various social policies which are undertaken in the current decades in the United Kingdom. The housing act of 1980 is introduced with a statutory right to buy for the key council tenant with at least given three years of tenure in the council house. Discount on the sales price on the market ranged from around 33% for tenants with around three years of tenures till 50% after 20 years. Local authorities are considered to have the highest significance to the housing applicant with the lowest income (2016). Help to buy: ~ Government prepare policy which contributes to providing support financially and it significant policies. The government supports to people and support the aspiration to own rightfully their house. The government provide several vital help to buy scheme which permits the people to purchase a home's which are priced up to 6000000 pounds with a low deposit of around 5%. There are three basic types of Help to buy scheme (2016). Help to buy are equity loan and the government lends up to 20% of the overall value of the new build house. Help to buy which contribute to mortgage the guarantee will run till 2016 and assist the permit the lenders to offer home buyer around 80% to 95% mortgages. Help to buy new buy primary aim to help the buyer who needs to deposit of around 5% to buy a new build house. Help to buy ISAS: ~ in the March 2015 budget announced by the government which published ISA a new saving scheme which helps the first time buyer in the United Kingdom which contributes to saving for the deposit which helps to buy the first home. The help to buy ISAS scheme was launched in the year 2015 December. Under this scheme, the first time buyer can save up to around 200 pounds per month by the their first deposit of the first new home which eventually help them to buy ISA account. There is no minimum amount of the monthly requirement is essential. The first-time buyer can make the first deposit of the 1000 pound when opening the account to permit the FTB to initial saving before the account is established. The government will add a bonus of around 25% to the FTB saving on the total purchase of a first time. The bonus is subject to a maximum of around 3000 pounds ("Help to Buy ISA - Council of Mortgage Lenders", 2015). Social rent cut by 1%:~ social housing tenant will foresee their rent to decrease by around 1 % a year for the coming next four years after the Chancellor put forward a consent on the overall increase in the rent in the social housing sector and compelled the housing authority to decrease the price around 1% (Kelly, 2015). The growth of the house ownership in the United Kingdom in the postwar period which is largely widened by the overall distribution of the health and thus help to decrease the overall inequality of the wealth ownership which was considerable determined in the interwar period. Housing wealth is considered or be essential be identified asa issues. In several words, it is considerable proved and identified by the great powerful force for the enhanced wealth equality and proper wealth distribution (2016). To a greater extent, housing wealth is considered to be a prior reflection of the accomplished social mobility in the overall sequence of the authentic job and income which are considered to be most easy o purchase and expensive house are present in the posh areas. Housing wealth also helps to provide financial suppose as the resource to remortgage which eventually contributes to free the part of the equity. In some general case, the cash is dispensed with to help of finance housing enha ncement or extension which is also signified as the mode of the investment. Cash are disbursed in the form of the overall consumption, for instance, a car purchase. Housing might provide the overall security on which the overall acceptance of the fund leads to the enhancement of the business (Johnston and Kay, 2007). The recent development in the present condition of the high house prices, which the overall role of the parental housing wealth help the young people to gain strong foothold o the housing ladder. A parent might borrow fund in respect with their homes a form of security and thus help them to take a larger mortgage to give key fund to their children to provide a significant amount of the deposit. New Macroprudential Policy Tools Over Housing market The financial policy committee was established in the year 1998 under the Bank of England act with the help of various amendments which was made in the year financial service act 2012. The legislation is considered to be established in the FPC came into action in the year 2013 several housing tools are implemented by the financial policy committee (2016). The direction power over the LTV and DTI ratios helps to permit the FPC to need the PRA and FCA which help them to prevent the lenders from the extending the mortgages which can be deliberately increase by the limitation when the judges that are conducting states the level of risk related to the financial stability increase in the housing market. The LTV tool primarily regulated in the determining and identifying the limit on the overall proposition of the new mortgages which can be increased at a level of high LTV ratios. These helps to protect the lenders capital by decreasing the overall potential losses in the key events which increase the LTV borrowers default their level of mortgages and the value of the property dropped. In the case of the dealt lenders which are most likely to face the severe loss on the loan or mortgage loan where the situation is the lower proportion of the borrowed equity and more enhanced borrower equity and LTV loan are more susceptible related to the higher borrower at the default rate (Farmer, 2014). The DTI tool is primarily operated in determine and placing the strict limit on the overall proposition of the mortgages which can be increased at the level of high DTI ratios which can be improved the financial stability by identifying the household indebtedness (2016). An enhanced form of highly indebted household can lead to the increased level of risk to the financial system which directly affect unfortunate all in the key income or change, the overall rate of interest signifies the more borrower, who are not able to focus on the debt and default on their respective mortgages or indirectly, if it is considered to continue the overall service related to the debt. Household might decrease the overall consumption and hence leads to the decreased amount of the pressure on the bigger economic activities (Farmer, 2014). Both tools are considered to be helpful in decreasing r minimising the overall implication channel between the mortgages lending, overall expectation of the future hous e prices increase and the key housing market. References Aneja, A., Donohue, J. and Zhang, A. (2012).The impact of right to carry laws and the NRC report. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Besley, T., Meads, N. and Surico, P. (2010).Risk heterogeneity and credit supply. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Carl, J. (2011).Think social problems. Boston: Pearson. Di, Z. (2007).Growing wealth, inequality, and housing in the united states. Cambridge: Joint Center For Housing Studies. Gariba, S., Balogun, P., An, P. and Hildenwall, V. (2010).Independent review of the UNDP evaluation policy. New York, NY, USA: United Nations Development Programme, Evaluation Office. Gramlich, E. (2007).Subprime mortgages. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press. Holmes, R. and Jones, N. (2013).Gender and Social Protection in the Developing World. London: Zed Books. Housing Boom and Bust. (2010). Taylor Francis. Housing bulletin monthly report. (2009). [Edmonton?]: Govt. of Alberta, Housing and Urban Affairs. Housing bulletin monthly report. (2010). [Edmonton?]: Govt. of Alberta, Housing and Urban Affairs. Housing bulletin monthly report. (2011). [Edmonton?]: Govt. of Alberta, Housing and Urban Affairs. Johnston, R. and Kay, F. (2007).Social capital, diversity, and the welfare state. Vancouver [B.C.]: UBC Press. Lovenheim, M. and Reynolds, C. (2012).The effect of housing wealth on college choice. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Mayock, T. (2015). Wages, Housing Prices and Commutes.Real Estate Economics, 44(1), pp.258-300. Nguyen, T. (2012).Investing in the high yield municipal market. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Norris, M. and Redmond, D. (2007).Housing contemporary Ireland. Dordrecht: Springer. Hilber, C. 2015. UK Housing and Planning Policies: the evidence from economic research, Centre for economic Performance, paper EA033, London School of Economics and political Sciences, London, UK; Disney, R. and Luo, G. 2014. The right to buy public housing in Britain: a welfare analysis, Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), working paper series no. W15/05 22. London, CPP/ESRC Disney, R. 2015. The right to buy public housing in Britain: a welfare analysis, IFS Briefing Note BN162) (2016). Retrieved 25 March 2016, from https://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/bns/BN162.pdf (2016). Retrieved 25 March 2016, from https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/financialstability/documents/fpc/statement021014.pdf Help to Buy ISA - Council of Mortgage Lenders. (2015).Cml.org.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2016, from https://www.cml.org.uk/policy/policy-updates/all/government-schemes-help-to-buy-isa/ Kelly, L. (2015).Social housing rents to fall by 1% a year, chancellor announces.the Guardian. Retrieved 25 March 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/housing-network/2015/jul/08/social-housing-rent-fall-chancellor-budget Farmer, R. (2014). Financial Stability and the Role of the Financial Policy Committee.The Manchester School,82, 35-43. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/manc.12070

Blendworth Strategic Management Plan

Introduction BLENDWORTH is an international company that deals with the production and sale of fabrics. The company sells high quality fabrics and wall coverings that match the current fashion trends.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Blendworth Strategic Management Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has been in operation for the last 90 years meeting the demand of the ever changing fashion trends. Over the last years, the company has diversified their products to include silks, velvet and wall papers (BLENDWORTH, 2012). The company is in the process of developing a marketing strategy to increase their sales. Objectives The main objectives to be achieved by the company through this marketing plan are: To increase the company’s sales and profits by at least 10% every year; To venture into other new emerging markets; To ensure that customers regularly visit the company website and social m edia sites and give feedback to the company; Improve the company’s brand image Situational Analysis In order to draft an adequate marketing plan, it is imperative to analyse the company’s internal and external forces. SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) analysis and competitor analysis have been carried out (Aaker 2005). SWOT analysis The results of the SWOT analysis are tabulated below POSITIVE FORCES NEGATIVE FORCES internal Strength The company has a strong reputable brand The company has a wide experience in dealing with fabrics Good capital base Good corporate culture The company workers are highly experienced The company’s location is adequate to conduct both its local and international trade Good communication through internet and other channels The company is the sole distributor of wall covering from Eijffinger Weaknesses Lack of appropriate marketing strategies Few products in the market The communication between the custome r and the company is poor There is no mechanism to analyze feedback information from the customers Lack of innovation in products design and also sales Lack of new products to suit the ever changing fashion industry Limited budget external Opportunities A large domestic and international market There is a high demand in the fashion industry, which will translate to high sales Possibilities of expanding to new markets Ability to negotiate major contracts Threats Increased competition from the main competitors Competition from China and other global fabric and textile companies Entry of new firms with better fabric both at the local and international market Different nations and regions have differing tastes and fashion New emerging products that may rival what the company sells Substitute products from China are cheap and affordable From the SWOT analysis, the company should enhance on their strengths and look for methods of countering their weaknesses and threats (Barne y, 1996). The main strategies include: Development and implementation of a good marketing plan; Customer satisfaction; Developing new products that blend the different cultures and trends in the world; Looking for more funding to enable the diversification of the company; Development of high quality fabrics and textile; Offering fair and affordable prices; Branding; Conducting aggressive marketing campaigns; Competitor analysis The BLENDWORTH Company faces high competition from both local and international companies. Locally, the United Kingdom has many fabric companies, such as Altfield, Beaudesert, Beaumont Fletcher, Bennison, Chelsea textiles, Abbot and Boyd, Borderline, Alton brooke, Brian Yates, and Colefax among others.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The international market has numerous companies that deal with making and supply of fabrics and other textiles. These companies may be multinational or operating within one country. All these companies are expected to be a big threat to this company. Trends in the market After evaluating the internal and external environment of the business, the following trends are expected in the future: There will be increased competition from both the local and international firms as they struggle to gain more customers and market share; New and better fabrics will be developed; The competitors will lower the price of products; The competitors will expand to other emerging markets; Target Market Analysis The Blendworth Company has both local and international customers. The company supplies products to over 40 countries and has about 3000 customers. In the domestic market, the company has about 2500 customers. The main customers can be segmented into three parts: Individual customers Designers Retailers Market size The company’s customer size is enormous and comprises both local and internatio nal companies. Age The products sold by the company are suitable for people aged 25 years and above. Income The company targets middle and high income earners both at the local and international markets Customer wants and need In the fabric industry, the main customer’s wants and needs are:Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Blendworth Strategic Management Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More High quality fabrics, textiles and wall papers; Affordable prices especially for individual customers; Supply of the fabrics on time ; The company must keep up with changes in fashion industry; Availability of products on time; Strategies For the company to increase and maintain their customers the following strategies are going to be instituted (Proctor 2000): Prices The company will strive to become a market leader in terms of pricing; the company will offer quality products at affordable prices. Place The com pany will enhance their distribution channels so that fabrics reach the potential customers on time and in good condition. Promotions Blendworth’s main endeavour is to increase the number of local and international customers. This will be done through a series of sales promotion activities. Products The company will supply quality products and respond to the demands on the customers. The company will keep in touch with changing trends in the fashion industry so as to make quality and fashionable products. Tactics To Achieve The Strategies To ensure that the proposed strategies are implemented, the following tactics will be used: Low and affordable prices In order for the company to achieve low and affordable prices, it will do the fillowing:Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Carefully study the competitors’ pricing and reduce our prices accordingly so as to be the market leader in terms of prices. Price differentiation: prices will be differentiated in such a way that high class customers and designers will be charged a slightly higher price than individual customers. Offer discounts based on quantity, returned customers and different seasons. Make the production and distribution chain more efficient so as reduce the operation cost, and hence the product cost (Hooley 2012). Sales and promotions The following sales and promotions activities will be conducted: Advertisement: the company will advertise at the local newspapers, the internet and broadcasting stations in addition to the current advertisement techniques used. This is expected to cost  £ 100000. The internet marketing will entail the use of social media sites. After sales services: the company will offer free delivery for customers who purchase large quantity of products Branding: t he company will carry out aggressive marketing so as to promote the â€Å"BLENDWORTH† name Direct marketing: this will entail sending brochures to designers, retailers and other people who deal with fabrics. Special prices and conditions will be offered to them. Point of sale display: posters and screens will be fixed up at point of sale areas, such as malls so that potential customers can see our products Gifts: free gifts will be given to everyone who purchases products exceeding  £ 1000. Sponsoring events: the company will sponsor events, such as exhibitions where our products will be displayed (Kotler2003) Enhancing the distribution channels Opening regional centres: regional centres will be opened to ensure that products are distributed on time. Product and service quality To improve the product and service quality, all responses and feedback information from local and international customers will be analyzed and used to improve the products and services. Monitoring A nd Evaluation After implementation of the strategies developed, the progress of the company will be evaluated after every six months to check the success rate of the actions taken. This will be done through Checking the books of accounts, such as the sales records, balance sheet, the profit and loss account to track the sales and profits made by the company; Checking the number of active members and responses from social media. References Aaker, D. A 2005. Strategic Marketing Management, 7th edition, John Wiley Sons, New York. Barney, J 1996. Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, Addison-Wesley: New York. BLENDWORTH. 2012. Blendworth company website, https://www.blendworth.co.uk/about/ Hooley, P. N 2012, Marketing Strategy Competitive Positioning, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Kotler, P 2003, Marketing Management,11th ed, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Proctor, T 2000, Strategic marketing: an introduction, Routledge, New York. This case study on Blendworth Strategic Management Plan was written and submitted by user Duncan Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.